April 11, 2025
SEOUL – Adoptee advocacy groups from all over the world gathered outside South Korea’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Seoul on Thursday, calling for a new round of investigations — and legal accountability — over systemic malpractice in the country’s intercountry adoption program.
The demonstration comes around two weeks after the independent commission on March 26 announced that it had identified human rights violations in 56 of the 367 adoption cases submitted since 2022.
As of March 26, the commission said it had completed investigations and issued reports for 98 cases — only about 26 percent of the total. Of those, 42 were dismissed due to “insufficient evidence,” leaving just 56 cases officially recognized.
The remaining 267 cases have already been investigated, but their final reports are still being written. However, with the mandate for this TRC — South Korea’s second in history — set to expire May 26, it remains unclear how many of these will result in official acknowledgment before this commission’s mandate ends.
A TRC official cited the “sheer scope and complexity” of the cases as the main reason for the delay.
“Our message is simple,” said Peter Moller, a lawyer born in Korea and adopted to Denmark, who is co-founder of the Danish Korean Rights Group. “If all 367 adoptees cannot be recognized, a new commission must and shall be established — one that allows new applications.”
Moller stressed that the burden of proof should not fall on the adoptees themselves — as victims whose records were deliberately destroyed or falsified, in other words, whose human rights were violated through illegal adoptions.
“That’s how the rule of law works,” he said.
Advocates are also pushing for criminal prosecution — not just fact-finding.
“This is no longer just a matter for investigation,” said Min Young-chang, co-chair of the Adoption Solidarity Coalition. “It’s a matter for prosecution.” Min argued that the missing documentation itself signals wrongdoing, not a lack of evidence. “Information that doesn’t exist — that is the evidence,” he said.
Min called for certain cases to be referred to prosecutors and the National Assembly, if necessary.
Maite Maeum Jeannolin, daughter of a Korean adoptee to France, speaks at a rally in Seoul on April 10, calling for legal access to adoption records for descendants of adoptees and urging the government to acknowledge the intergenerational impact of adoption-related rights violations. PHOTO: THE KOREA HERALD
Other speakers at the rally shared stories that reflect the long-term effects of South Korea’s adoption policies.
Cho Min-ho, director of the Children’s Rights Solidarity, recounted being labeled an orphan by the state despite having living parents. “I was intentionally made into an orphan,” he said, condemning the erasure of identity as a violation of both Korean constitutional rights and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Maite Maeum Jeannolin, a filmmaker and daughter of a Korean adoptee to France, highlighted the lasting consequences for adoptees’ descendants. Under current Korean law, adoption records are permanently sealed after an adoptee’s death — even from their own children. “We deserve the right to understand it,” she said, referring to descendants’ rights to search for their biological families.
Ben Coz, a Korean adoptee to the US and member of international network ibyangIN, called access to birth and adoption records “a human right,” citing international child rights law and professional ethics standards. He encouraged adoptees and supporters in receiving countries to advocate for policy changes at home, as governments like Norway and the Netherlands open their own investigations.
He urged adoptees and allies abroad to contact lawmakers, noting that more countries — like Norway and the Netherlands — have launched their own investigations.
Many demonstrators said they were unable to apply to the current TRC before the application window closed and are now left without any path to official recognition or redress.
“This isn’t history,” said Min, reacting to recent remarks by TRC Chair Park Sun-young, who called the adoption abuses “a thing of the past.” Min disagreed, saying, “It’s still happening.”